Electron injection barrier and energy-level alignment at the Au/PDI8-CN2 interface via current–voltage measurements and ballistic emission microscopy

We probe electron transport across the Au/organic interface based on oriented thin films of the high-performance n-type perylene diimide semiconductor PDI8-CN₂. To this purpose, we prepared organic-on-inorganic Schottky diodes, with Au directly evaporated onto PDI8-CN₂ grown on n-Si. Temperature-dependent current–voltage characteristics and complementary ballistic electron emission microscopy studies reveal that rectification at the Au/PDI8-CN₂ interface is controlled by a spatially inhomogeneous injection barrier, that varies on a length scale of tens of nanometers according to a Gaussian distribution with mean value ∼0.94 eV and standard deviation ∼100 meV. The former gradually shifts to ∼1.04 eV on increasing PDI8-CN₂ thickness from 5 nm to 50 nm. Experimental evidences and general arguments further allow to establish the energetics at the Au/PDI8-CN₂ interface. Our work indicates injection-limited current flow in PDI8-CN₂-based devices with evaporated Au electrodes. Furthermore, it suggests chemical reactivity of PDI8-CN₂ with both Au and Si, driven by the lateral isocyano groups.     

The phase stability and thermophysical properties of InFeO3(ZnO)m (m = 2, 3, 4, 5)

The phase stability and thermophysical properties of InFeO₃(ZnO)_m (m = 2, 3, 4, 5) compounds were investigated, which are a general family of homologous layered compounds with general formula InFeO₃(ZnO)_m (m = 1–19). InFeO₃(ZnO)_m (m = 2, 3, 4, 5) ceramics were synthesized using cold pressing followed by solid-state sintering. They revealed an excellent thermal stability after annealing at 1450 °C for 48 h. No phase transformation occurred during heating to 1400 °C. InFeO₃(ZnO)₃ exhibited a thermal conductivity of 1.38 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 1000 °C, which is about 30% lower than that of 8 wt.% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) thermal barrier coatings. The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of InFeO₃(ZnO)m bulk ceramics were in a range of (10.97 ± 0.33) × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ to (11.46 ± 0.35) × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ at 900 °C, which are comparable to those of 8YSZ ceramics.     

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐1,3/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate)/clay nanocomposites: Mechanical properties,optical transparency,and barrier properties

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/clay, PET/poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐1,3/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG), and PET/PETG/clay nanocomposites were fabricated using the twin‐screw extrusion technique. The spherulitic morphologies, thermomechanical, mechanical, and gas‐barrier properties, as well as the effect of clay on the transparency of the resulting nanocomposites were identified. The clay induced the heterogeneous nucleation of the nanocomposites during the cold crystallization process, thereby increasing the crystallinities and melting temperatures of the resulting nanocomposites. The incorporation of clay increased the storage moduli, Young's moduli, impact strengths, and barrier properties of the PET, PETG, and PET/PETG blend. Regarding the optical transparency, the inclusion of clay can make the crystallizable PET matrix crystalline opaque. However, the amorphous PETG maintained its transparency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39869.     

Evaluation of hot corrosion behavior of CSZ,CSZ/micro Al2O3 and CSZ/nano Al2O3 plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings

Hot corrosion is one of the main destructive factors in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) which come as a result of molten salt effect on the coating–gas interface. Hot corrosion behavior of three types of plasma sprayed TBCs was evaluated: usual CSZ, layer composite of CSZ/Micro Al₂O₃ and layer composite of CSZ/Nano Al₂O₃ in which Al₂O₃ was as a topcoat on CSZ layer. Hot corrosion studies of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were conducted in 45 wt% Na₂SO₄+55 wt% V₂O₅ molten salt at 1050 °C for 40 h. The graded microstructure of the coatings was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) before and after hot corrosion test. The results showed that no damage and hot corrosion products was found on the surface of CSZ/Nano Al₂O₃ coating and monoclinic ZrO₂ fraction was lower in CSZ/Micro Al₂O₃ coating in comparison with usual CSZ. reaction of molten salts with stabilizers of zirconia (Y₂O₃ and CeO₂) that accompanied by formation of monoclinic zirconia, irregular shape crystals of YVO₄, CeVO₄ and semi-cubic crystals of CeO₂ as hot corrosion products, caused the degradation of CSZ coating in usual CSZ and CSZ/Micro Al₂O₃ coating.     

竹增强环氧乙烯基树脂的制备及性能研究

和传统的钢护拦相比较,竹片增强复合材料护拦具有重量轻、成本低、耐腐蚀、环境友善和可再生性等优点。但是竹纤维表面的复杂成分,影响了复合材料的界面性能。本文利用竹片作为增强材料,采用真空辅助成型方法制备了竹片增强环氧乙烯基树脂复合材料,研究了表面改性和铺层数对竹复合材料弯曲强度和冲击韧性的影响,并对单向复合材料的冲击断面破坏方式进行了分析。结果表明,在不同铺层结构条件下,用经过碱与硅烷偶联剂改性处理过的竹条制备的复合材料的弯曲强度分别提高了31.95%、46.72%、29.58%,冲击韧性分别提高了25.62%、29.74%、28.61%,而且单向复合材料的弯曲和冲击性能最佳。当单向复合材料中的竹片铺层为15层时,其冲击吸收功为13.55J,拉伸强度为270MPa,弯曲强度为340MPa,在主要性能上能满足公路防撞护栏对其原料Q-235B钢的要求;通过扫描电镜分析发现,竹片增强复合材料防撞护栏材料的防撞机理表现为竹纤维抽拔断裂、基体断裂、纤维/基体界面脱黏以及剪切分层。本文的结果对复合材料公路防撞护栏的制备有一定的指导作用。     

等离子体-催化剂体系下甲苯加氢反应

探索了等离子体介质阻挡放电甲苯加氢工艺的行为。反应产物的气相色谱分析结果表明甲基环己烷为主产物。单因素实验法考察不同因素对甲苯加氢反应行为的影响,初步推测等离子体环境下甲苯加氢反应包含三种机理:加成反应、取代反应、C-C键断裂反应。研究发现,通过增大放电功率和催化剂(Ni/SiO2)协同作用,可使甲基环己烷转化率趋于最佳值。在反应条件为:"一段式"催化剂装填方式,0.30 g催化剂固载于0.1 g玻璃纤维上,催化剂活性金属组分含量17%(wt);放电电压8.4 k V;电极直径50 mm;气体配比(VH2/VC7H8)31;停留时间21 s,其甲苯转化率可达78.4%,甲基环己烷选择性72.2%。     

等离子喷涂热障陶瓷涂层冷却累计残余应力的有限元模拟与验证

目的 为有效预测等离子喷涂热障涂层冷却过程中累积的残余应力,降低残余应力对涂层稳定性的影响,需寻求可靠的热障涂层应力检测方法。方法 利用有限元分析软件,采用生死单元法建立了等离子喷涂ZrO₂涂层的有限元模型,高斯热源模拟等离子喷涂热源工况,研究涂层冷却至室温的残余应力及其分布。使用X射线衍射法、拉曼光谱法对等离子喷涂制备的ZrO₂涂层进行残余应力检测。结果 通过有限元模拟结果可以看出,喷涂涂层冷却到室温后其中心区域的残余应力与边缘位置相比较大,主要集中在热流中心区域;每层涂层结合界面处会产生较大应力,致使应力沿涂层厚度方向变化明显。涂层的等效应力为160～220 MPa。采用X射线衍射法检测涂层存在180～185MPa残余应力。标定ZrO₂涂层的拉曼-应力因子为8.33 (cm·GPa)^-1,计算得到涂层存在残余应力为174～180 MPa。对喷涂试样进行拉伸试验后,其残余应力有一定程度的释放。结论 使用有限元能有效模拟等离子喷涂至室温时涂层内部残余应力,与XRD、拉曼光谱检测结果具有良好的匹配性,...     

热障涂层演变、失效理论及模型建立研究进展

目的 热障涂层(Thermal Barrier Coatings, TBCs)是用于保护热端部件的功能性涂层,但在复杂工况的影响下易于呈现提前破坏和过早失效的特点。以应用最广泛的钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)双层热障涂层系统为例,阐述其服役过程中的结构和性能演变,分析失效机理,总结寿命预测模型并介绍相关模拟技术。方法 分别对经历不同条件高温氧化实验后的热障涂层开展元素渗透引起的界面微观结构变化、随反应进行发生的界面宏观结构变化以及高温引起的涂层本征性能变化分析,并且基于多种热力学实验结论和断裂力学、损伤力学等理论,结合有限元模拟手段,研究涂层内部结构变化过程,选用不同种类的标准有限元模型,建立条件选择方法以及典型的动态模拟扩展技术,观察裂纹导致涂层断裂等过程。结果 总结了目前常用的唯象寿命模型、断裂力学模型和损伤力学模型等失效寿命理论模型,提出相关失效评价方法。结论 随着航空发动机效率的不断提高,热障涂层必须面对更高的进气温度和更严峻、更复杂的工况,需要进一步丰富失效理论、完善失效寿命模型、仿真手段和相应数据库,同时其在开发新材料、新结构、新工艺、涂层组织纳米化等方面也有很大的研究和发展空间。     

HCPEB轰击对热障涂层结构及抗CMAS腐蚀性能的影响

利用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)对大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备的热障涂层进行表面改性,分别对原始涂层和电子束改性涂层进行1250℃的钙镁铝硅酸盐(CMAS)腐蚀试验,采用XRD、SEM和EDS表征腐蚀前后原始涂层和电子束改性涂层的物相组成、微观结构和化学成分变化,对比分析原始涂层和改性涂层的CMAS腐蚀行为及影响规律。结果表明,改性涂层表面粗糙度降低了60.9%,且生成了具有柱状晶的致密重熔层,涂层表面具有更好的结构稳定性及相稳定性,改性涂层经CMAS腐蚀8 h后结构依然完整且表面无m-ZrO₂相生成,涂层并未发生脱落失效,具有较好的抗CMAS腐蚀能力。